![]() Ramanuja argued that Brahman is a unity, but that it has two forms, the self and matter. 1 Shankara argued that Brahman is undifferentiated being and that Brahman and Atman are a unity. dualism), which is represented by the teachings of Madhva (c.1197-1276). qualified non-dualism), which is represented by the teachings of Ramanuja (c.1056-1137), and 3) Dvaita (i.e. non-dualism), which is represented by the teachings of Shankara, 2)Visishtadvaita (i.e. ![]() The three main branches of Vedanta philosophy are: 1) Advaita (i.e. Vedanta literally means “end of the Vedas.” Vedanta philosophy interprets and develops the teachings of the Upanishads. Thus, the Upanishads have also been called the Vedanta. The Upanishads are ancient Hindu scriptures which constitute the final section of the Vedas. ![]() Vedanta is a school of Hindu philosophy which is based on the teachings of the Upanishads. This viewpoint was later opposed by Dvaita (dualistic) Vedanta, which taught that there is a fundamental difference between Atman and Brahman. He was a founder of Advaita (non-dualistic) Vedanta, explaining the unity of Brahman (the universal Self) and Atman (the individual Self). He wrote commentaries on the Upanishads, the Bhagavad Gita, and the Brahma Sutras. Shankara (788-820) was one of the most influential thinkers in Vedanta philosophy. Shankara’s Commentary on the Brahma Sutras
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